PHRASAL VERBS
Introduction
A/ Trong tiếng Anh hiện đại, người ta hay dùng một hay hai particle (giới từ hay trạng từ ) sau động từ để có được sự khác nhau về ý nghĩa. Ví dụ: – give away = give sth to someone/anyone (Cho ai, tặng ai cái gì )
= to make known sth that sb wants to keep secret (thổ lộ, tiết lộ ra, tố giác ra )
– give up = abandon (a habit or attempt) (từ bỏ một thói quen, một nổ lực …)
– look after = take care of (Chăm sóc)
– look for = search for, seek (tìm kiếm)
– look out = beware (Hãy cẩn thận, coi chừng )
B/ có hai loại:
a/ intransitive phrasal verbs (không có object)
EX: The plane will take off at 15:00.
b/ Transitive phrasal verbs (có object – danh từ hoặc đại từ )
+ Inseparable transitive phrasal verbs (Pharsal verbs không thể tách ra – Object luôn ở sau particle)
Ex: We are looking for my key. (Wrong: We are looking my key for )
+ Separable transitive phrasal verbs (Pharsal verbs có thể tách ra )
Phrasal verbs thường có thể tách được khi particles l: on, off, up, down, in, out, away
Nếu Object l danh từ, nó có thể đặt ở sau hay giữa phrasal verbs)
Ex: Remember to turn off the lights when going out.
Remember to turn the lights off when going out.
Nếu Object l một đại từ (me, us, it, them, you him, her …) thi nó luôn
được đặt ở giữa phrsal verb )
Ex: Please turn it off. (Wrong: Please turn off it )
Phrasal verbs
1. take after (sb): look like; resemble: giống
2. take sth/sb on: (of a bus, plane or ship) to allow sb/sth to enter: cho ai lên xe, tàu …
3. take up: learn or start doing sth: bắt đầu làm điều gì …
13. bring (sb) up (often in passive): to care for a child, teaching him or her how to behave, etc: chăm sóc, dạy dỗ
Ex: * She brought up five children.
* He was brought up by his aunt.
Verbs + Particle + Object
(inseparable Phr. Verbs)
Verbs + Particle + Object
Verbs + + particle + Noun
(on, off, up, down, in, out, away)
4. take off: a/ to remove sth, especially a piece of clothing from your/sb’s body: cởi bỏ (mủ, quần áo) ≠ put on
b/ to leave the ground and begin to fly: (máy bay) cất cánh
5. take sth off sth: to remove an amount of money or a number of marks, points, etc. in order to reduce the total: rút bớt (tiền, điểm ) cho ít đi
6. take (sth) in: thu nạp, hiểu, nhớ được điều gì
7. Take part in: participate in: to be involved in: tham gia
8. Take sth out: vay tiền của ngân hàng
9. take sth away: gỡ bỏ, làm mất buồn phiền đau đớn
10. take over: đảm nhận vị trí (của ai), đảm trách công việc
11. take place: diễn ra, xảy ra theo kế hoạch.
12. put up with: tolerate: chịu đựng
Ex: I’m not going to put up with their smoking any longer.
14. take sth down: to write sth down:
a/ ghi chép;
Ex: * Reporters took down every word of his speech
b/ to remove a structure: tháo dỡ –
Ex: * The students are taking the tent down before leaving.
15. wake sb up: làm ai tỉnh táo / đánh thức ai
Ex: A cold shower will soon wake you up.
16. Take advantage of: tận dụng, lợi dụng .
Ex: * We took full advantage of the hotel
facilities. * She took advantage of the children’s absence to tidy their rooms.
17. give up: [nopassive] to stop doing or having sth: từ bỏ
Ex: She didn’t give up work when she had the baby.
18. go on: tiếp tục
19. go up ≠ go down: lên giá ≠ xuống giá
20. go after sb: to chase or follow sb: chạy theo; đuổi theo
21. go off: + nổ; vang lên Ex: The bomb went off in a crowded street. + đi làm điều gì
Ex: He went off to get a drink. + thực phẩm, nước uồng hư hỏng; chất lượng xấu đi
Ex: You shouldn’t drink it. It goes off.
22. go out: tắt (đèn lửa)
23. go away: đi xa (qua 01 đêm trở lên )
24. go over: ôn lại bài; xem lại, kiểm tra lại
25. look after sb / sth: chăm sóc
26. look up: tra tìm từ, vấn đề gì trong tự điền, trong sách .
27. look up to sb: to admire or respect sb: ngưỡng mộ ai
28. look up at sth: ngước nhìn lên cái gì (V+ pre.)
29. put on: mặc quần áo, đeo, mang
30. put sth out: Bỏ … ra ngoài – Ex: I put the rubbish out.
31. put off= delay: hoãn lại
Ex: He keeps putting off going to the dentist.
32. turn (sth ) on: mở đèn, …..
33. turn (sth) off: tắt ……
34. turn up: xuất hiện, đến
Ex: Do you think many people will turn up?
35. turn down: refuse: từ chối, bác bỏ, không xem xét đơn … : vặn nhỏ âm thanh, thiết bị ….
Ex: -Why did she turn down your invitation?
– Please turn the volume down.
36. try sb / sth out: thử nghiệm, dùng thử xem có tốt hay không.
Ex: They’re trying out a new presenter for the show.
37. try sth on: mặc thử, mang thử xem có vừa không
Ex: Try the shoes on before you buy them.
38. hold sth / sb up: (often passive): làm hoãn, cản trở sự tiến triển, di chuyển …
Ex: *An accident is holding up traffic.
39. get over sth: overcome: vượt qua, thắng được
Ex: She can’t get over her shyness.
40. catách up with: bắt kip, đuổi theo kip
41. keep up with: theo kip ai, nắm bắt kip thông tin; vẫn tiếp tục liên lạc với ai
42. keep sth up: tiếp tục duy trì mức độ
Ex: The high cost of raw materials is keeping prices up.
43. cool sb off / down: làm cho ai bình tĩnh lại
44. speak up: nói to lên
45. Bring sth out: make sth noticable
Ex: A crisis can bring out the best and the worst in people.
46. bring sth back: to remind: gợi nhớ
47. Bring sb in sth / bring in sth: to make or earn
a particular amount of money: kiếm tiền, thu nhập
Ex:* His freelance work brings him in about $20000 a year.
48. bring sth about: to make sth happen= cause: gây ra
Ex: What brought about the change in his attitude?
49. bring sth off: to succeed in doing sth difficult:
Đạt được thành công (qua khó khăn)
Ex: * It was a difficult task but we brought it off.
The goalie brought off a superb save
50. wash up / wash sth up: to wash plates, glasses, … after a meal: rửa chén
51. calm (sb / sth) down: bình tĩnh – làm ai bình tĩnh
52. stay on: tiếp tục làm … = keep on; carry on
53. fall behind sb/sth: không theo kịp mức độ với ai, rớt lại phía sau …
Ex: She soon fell behind the leaders.
54. give in (to sb / sth): đầu hàng, chịu thua …
Ex: The rebels (quân nổi loạn) were forced to give in.
55. wait up: hãy chậm lại, chờ …
Ex: Wait up – you’re walking too fast for me.
56. wait up for sb: thức khuya chờ ai.
Ex: I’ll be back very late so don’t wait up for me.
57. grow up: trưởng thành
58. watách out (for sth / sb): coi chừng !
Ex: Watách out! There’s a car coming!
59. fill sth in (out): điền đơn
60. break down: máy móc hư; thất bại
Ex: The telephone system has broken down.
* The car broke down on the freeway.
*Negotiations between the two sides have
broken down.
61. set off (for): to begin a journey: khởi hành chuyến đi
Ex: We set off for London just after ten.
62. drop out (of sth): bỏ cuộc:
He drooped out of the English class .
* She started an engineering degree but dropped out after only a year.
63. show sth / sb off: khoe khoang
Ex: She wanted to show off her new dress at the party.
64. cross sth out: gạch bỏ chữ sai
65. close sth down: ngừng hoạt động (kinh doanh)
Ex: All the firms around here were closed down in the 1980s.
66. move in / into sth: bắt đầu chuyển vào (nhà mới) để ở
67. doze off: go to sleep: đi ngủ –
Ex: She dozed off in front of the fire.
68. see sb off: tiễn ai đi xa
69. give sth away to sb: tặng cái gì cho ai
70. give sth/sb away: tiết lộ bí mật; tiết lộ tâm tư của ai
Ex: She gave away state secrets to the enemy
Her eyes when she said gave her away.
71. give sb back sth / give sth back to sb: trả gì cho ai
72. hand sth in (to sb): giao nộp
Ex: Please give your work in before Monday.
73. turn round/ around: quay lại
Ex: Turn around and let me look at your back.
74. make oneself / sb up: trang điểm
Ex: She always makes up when going to the office.
75. make sth up: tạo nên, nghĩ ra điều gì; bịa ra câu chuyện
Ex: *They made up a little poem and wrote it in the card.
*Women make up 40 per cent of the workforce.
* She always makes up a story for her lateness.
76. make sth out: + to write out or complete a form or document: viết ra hoặc điền vào ….
Ex: * He made out a cheque for pound100.
+ make sth out:to understand sth; to see the reasons for sth: Hiểu được
Ex: I can’t make out what she wants
77. show sb round: hướng dẫn ai thăm quan
Ex: Has anyone shown you round yet?
78. try sth on: thử – Try the shoes on before you buy them.